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History of the Fishing Rights – Royal Four Towns
If you cast a line on the River Annan at Hightae you’re standing in one of the oldest continuous fishing rights in Scotland. Local tradition says the King’s Kindly Tenants of the Royal Four Towns have fished these waters for more than 700 years. The written record we can stand on starts later – especially the 1732 House of Lords case and section 64 of the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000.
Local tradition and the Kindly Tenants
Local tradition places the start in the early 1300s. The four settlements – Hightae, Heck, Greenhill and Smallholm – became the Royal Four Towns. The men who held the land were “Kindly Tenants of Lochmaben” – free tenants who answered directly to the king, not to any laird. In return they kept Lochmaben Castle supplied with men and food when needed. Along with grazing, woodland and other common rights came the salmon fishing on the River Annan.
What “Kindly Tenant” actually meant
Unlike most medieval tenants, these burghers could inherit, sell and pass on their holdings. They weren’t servile. The fishing right was tied to specific pieces of land – you couldn’t separate it or sell it on its own.
| Date | Event | What it meant for fishing rights |
|---|---|---|
| Early 1300s | Local tradition of the Kindly Tenant grant | Fishing rights become heritable estate |
| 1732 | House of Lords case vs Viscount of Stormont | Rights confirmed – tenants can’t be evicted or charged extra |
| 1956 | Lands Valuation Appeal Court | Royal Four Towns Fishing Association confirmed as the body that administers permits |
| 28 Nov 2004 | Appointed day of the Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 | Kindly tenure ends but fishing rights stay attached to the land forever |
The 1732 legal test
The Viscount of Stormont tried to squeeze extra rents from the townspeople, claiming the rights had lapsed. The four burghs had no original charter left, but their continuous occupation of the holdings was enough. The House of Lords ruled in their favour – the “kind” nature of the tenure was iron-clad.
The Royal Four Towns Fishing Association
Over time the descendants formed the Association. They issue day permits to visitors and use the money to look after the river – bank repairs, general maintenance and any stocking work that’s needed. The 1956 valuation case confirmed the Association is the proper body to manage the right because it ultimately benefits the heritable estate.
2004 – the end of feudal tenure
The Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc. (Scotland) Act 2000 finally swept away the last feudal oddities on 28 November 2004. Kindly Tenants became ordinary owners. Section 64 of the Act specifically kept the salmon fishing right attached to the land – it cannot be sold separately.
Today the heritable fishing right still belongs with the original holdings. That is not the same as the Association’s free annual permit for residents. Locals who live in the four towns can collect a free residency permit. Visitors buy a day ticket. The river looks very different from the early 1300s, but the right attached to the holdings has not been cut away.
For practical details on how to fish the beat today, including day permits, see our Fishing on the River Annan page.
Frequently asked questions
Do the fishing rights still exist today? +
Who were the King’s Kindly Tenants? +
Can the fishing rights be sold separately? +
Who gets to fish the river these days? +
How far back do these rights actually go? +
Last reviewed: September 2026